ASTM D 4582-1991 对反渗透粘稠性和戴维斯稳定性指数的计算和校正
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【英文标准名称】:CalculationandAdjustmentoftheStiffandDavisStabilityIndexforReverseOsmosis
【原文标准名称】:对反渗透粘稠性和戴维斯稳定性指数的计算和校正
【标准号】:ASTMD4582-1991
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1991
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:稳定性;数学计算;水;工艺;反渗透;校正
【英文主题词】:processes;water;reverseosmosis;adjustment;mathematicalcalculations;stability
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_40
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 牙科磷酸锌水门汀 |
| 中标分类： |
医药、卫生、劳动保护 >>
医疗器械 >>
口腔科器械、设备与材料 |
| 替代情况： | 调整为YY 0271-1995 |
| 发布日期： | |
| 实施日期： | 1990-07-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
适用范围
没有内容
前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 医药 卫生 劳动保护 医疗器械 口腔科器械 设备与材料
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDosimetryforaSelf-ContainedDry-StorageGamma-RayIrradiator
【原文标准名称】:自带干藏γ射线辐射仪剂量测定的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM52116-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:4.1Self-containeddry-storagegamma-rayirradiatorscontainradioactivesources,namely137Csor60Co,thatemitionizingelectromagneticradiation(gammarays),underproperlyshieldedconditions.Theseirradiatorshaveanenclosed,accessibleirradiatorsamplechamberconnectedwithasamplepositioningsystem,forexample,irradiatordrawer,rotor,orirradiatorturntable,aspartoftheirradiationdevice.4.2Self-containeddry-storagegamma-rayirradiatorscanbeusedformanyradiationprocessingapplications,includingthefollowing:calibrationofdosimeters;dosimeterstudiesforresearch;irradiationsofrelativelysmallsamplesforinducingdesiredradiationeffectsorforradiationprocessvalidationpurposes;irradiationofmaterialsorbiologicalsamplesforprocesscompatibilitystudies;batchirradiationsofmicrobiological,botanical,orin-vitrosamples;irradiationofsmallanimals;radiation"hardness"testingofelectronicscomponentsandothermaterials;andbatchradiationprocessingofrelativelysmallcontainersofsamples,suchasbloodproducts,insectcanisters,prostheticdevices,andpharmaceuticals.NOTE1-Inthecaseofirradiatedhealthcareproducts,pharmaceuticals,foodstuffs,animalsandplants,theassurancethattheyareproperlyirradiatedisofcrucialimportance.Theirradiatoroperatormustdemonstratebymeansofaccurateabsorbeddosemeasurementsinsample,orinsimulatedproduct,thatthespecifiedabsorbeddoseisachieved(seeISO/ASTMGuide51261,ISO/ASTMPractices51204,51400,51702,andISO11137).Formostapplications,theabsorbeddoseisexpressedasabsorbeddoseinwater(seeISO/ASTMGuide51261).Forconversionofabsorbeddoseinwatertothatinothermaterials,forexample,silicon,solid-statedevices,polymers,seeAnnexA1ofISO/ASTMGuide51261.4.3Self-containeddry-storagegamma-rayirradiatorscontainasealedsource,oranarrayofsealedsourcescompletelyheldinadrycontainerconstructedofsolidmaterials.Thesealedsourcesareshieldedatalltimes,andhumanaccesstothechamberundergoingirradiationisnotphysicallypossibleduetodesignconfiguration(seeANSIN433.1).4.4Foreachirradiator,anabsorbed--doserateatareferencepositionwithinthesampleorsampleholderismeasured.Thatmeasurementisusedtocalculatethetimersettingrequiredtodeliverthespecifiedabsorbeddose.Theirradiatormanufacturermayperformreference-standardmeasurementsanddosemappingmeasurementswithintheirradiationchamber.NOTE2-Forreference-standarddosimetry,theabsorbeddoseandabsorbed-doseratecanbeexpressedinwaterorothermaterialwhichhassimilarradiationabsorptionpropertiestothatofthesamplesordosimetersbeingirradiated.Insomecases,thereference-standarddosimetrymaybeperformedusingionizationchambers,andmaybecalibratedintermsofexposure(Ckg?),orabsorbeddoseinair,waterortissue(gray).Measurementsperformedintermsofexposureapplytoionizationinair,andcareshouldbetakentoapplythatmeasurementtothesamplebeingirradiated.4.5Dosimetrycarriedoutwithsuchsourcesmaybepartofameasurementqualityassuranceprogramthatisappliedtoensurethattheradiationprocess,testorcalibrationmeetspredeterminedspecifications(1).94.6Absorbed-dosemappingforestablishingthelocationsofminimum(Dmin)andmaximum(Dmax)dosesusuallyisperformedusingthesampleorsimulatedproduct(see9.3).1.1Thispracticeoutlinesdosimetricprocedurestobefollowedwithself-containeddry-storagegamma-rayirradiators.Iffollowed,theseprocedureswillhelptoensurethatcalibrationandtestingwillbecarriedoutwithacceptableprecisionandaccuracyandthatthesamplesprocessedwithionizingradiationfromgammaraysinaself-containeddry-storageirradiatorreceiveabsorbe......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:13P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
